The challenge
Zulu text needs more tokens than its English source. With Gemma 3, the same 1,012 FLORES+ sentences take 53,281 tokens, against 27,114 in English.
The change
Nzinga added 32,000 word pieces to Gemma 3's tokenizer, built from open web text with 25.0 million characters of Zulu. English barely changes.
flores+:
nzinga: 39,850
gpt-4o: 46,007
gemma-3: 53,281
Zulu is inside the 1.3 to 1.5 target.
FLORES+ devtest
,
premium 1.47x
,
Zulu
The result
Nzinga needs 13.4% fewer tokens than GPT-4o on FLORES+ and 12.5% fewer on NTREX-128. The premium falls to 1.47 times English, inside the target.




